Implo-Dynamics™: a system, method, and apparatus for reducing airborne pollutant emissions and/or recovering energy

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and apparatus for reducing or eliminating airborne pollutants and generating a measure of usable energy from the same are provided. The Implo-Dynamics™ Treatment System includes several embodiments for mixing steam and emissions and injecting said mixture into a process fluid transmission network. The vacuum induced flow of the Working Fluid provides a means of propelling a Hydro Turbine unit for energy recovery purposes. The process includes reactant injection, gas transfer, filtration, remediation of pollutants, and delivers a novel means for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. Furthermore, the detoxified process by-product solids represent a beneficial reutilization and/or recycling resource. The methods and systems of the present invention include a comprehensive arrangement of process configurations and components as well as a means of operation.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to airborne pollutant reduction and/ortreatment systems and methods. More particularly, but not by way oflimitation, the present invention also relates to power generationsystems and methods; in which, a driving fluid initiates a cavitationreaction as it undergoes a phase change and initiates a vacuum to afluid system thus creating a flow, which is harnessed for generatingelectricity or providing motive force to a process system. Still moreparticularly, the present invention relates to a method of mixingemissions gases and steam and collectively or separately injecting thesegases as a driving fluid into a working fluid, thereby creating a gastransfer mechanism for the reduction, dissolution, translation, and/orelimination of said contaminants and/or gases into the working fluidbody. Even still more particularly, the present invention relates to amethod of separating gaseous and solid components from the working fluidand/or recovering, reclaiming, recycling, converting, capturing, and/orsequestrating said components.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The Problem

Combustion of coal and other fossil fuels primarily produces carbondioxide (CO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_(x)), and sulfur oxides (SO_(x)),such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to formsulfur trioxide (SO₃), which then reacts with water to form sulfuricacid (H₂SO₄) and in like manner, the nitrogen oxides evolve into nitricacid. Collectively, these acidic compounds contribute to the problem ofacid rain.

To a lesser extent, the fossil-fueled power generating processes alsointroduce carbon monoxide (CO) and a host of other toxic metalmicro-contaminants to the air, which primarily are not appreciablyremoved by current state-of-the-art pollution abatement systems. Thesemicro contaminants may consist of heavy metals including: arsenic, lead,mercury, nickel, vanadium, beryllium, cadmium, barium, chromium, copper,molybdenum, zinc, selenium as well as certain naturally-occurringradioactive isotopes such as radium, uranium, and thorium.

The combustion of coal and other fossil fuels, is currently regarded bymuch of the world's scientific community as the primary source for theearth's greenhouse gas situation; whereas, the burning of hydrocarbons,and the associated anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, is considered a seriousthreat to the stability of the global climate.

Another issue of concern is that many power-generating plants throughoutthe world, cool the hot water in an evaporative cooling tower process;whereas, large hyperbolic (mechanical or natural draft) cooling towersare used extensively for this purpose. Even though, most of the heatedvapor/water throughput is cooled via this method, a significant amountof water vapor is expelled to the atmosphere, which may be as much asseveral hundred thousand gallons per hour.

The Solution

The present invention comprises a method and system for the abatement ofcertain fossil fuel combustion-related pollutants as well as many otherforms of airborne pollutants pursuant to other industrial applicationsand process systems. In addition to power plant operations otherindustrial-scale boiler operations, manufacturing processes, petroleumrefineries, and/or petrochemical operations generate airborne pollutantsand may benefit from the environmental benefits and economies madepossible through the present invention's technology.

In addition to these attributes, the current invention provides bothmeans and method for reducing evaporative cooling and/or heat exchangesystem losses from power plants to the atmosphere. Further, thisinvention provides an alternative to certain power plant facilitiesemploying cooling processes, which utilize methods of direct dischargeof cooling fluids into bodies of water; wherein, the thermal impact ofthese discharges constitutes an ecological imbalance.

Also, various embodiments of the present invention comprise a means,method and system for the capture, purification, sequestration, and/orrecovery of carbon dioxide from said emissions.

Also, the by-products of the present invention's system include, but arenot limited to, construction materials, such as concrete, as well asagricultural products, such as fertilizers, in addition to otherindustrial and commercially beneficial products.

BACKGROUND ART

Various systems are known for the environmental control of industrialemissions, hydroelectric generation, and the use of steam; however priorto this invention, no other invention has endeavored to employ a novelarrangement of unique methods and mechanisms for reducing airbornepollutant emissions and a means of producing a quantity of recoverableenergy by the same.

-   -   U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,486 discloses a method of using        steam-induced cavitation as a means of water treatment for the        abatement of waterborne biological contaminants.    -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,346 discloses a method of using        steam-induced cavitation as a means of atomizing liquid droplets        for fuel dispersion purposes.    -   U.S. Pat. No. 6,662,549 discloses a method of using        steam-induced cavitation as a means of for propelling a        watercraft.    -   U.S. Pat. No. 6,299,343 discloses a method of using        steam-induced cavitation as a means of dispersing and mixing        food products or homogenizing beverages.    -   U.S. Pat. No. 4,750,330 discloses a method for recovering energy        from waste steam condensation.    -   U.S. Pat. No. 6,607,579 discloses a method of using charged        particle electrostatic filtration for emissions control.    -   U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,098,851 and 6,767,006 disclose methods for        injecting gases into water as a means of aeration.

The present invention differs significantly from these, and other,examples of prior art in its purpose, the scope of its approach and themechanisms thereto employed. These differences should be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art.

FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCE The Differences Between Bubbles and Cavities

There is significant difference between “bubbles” and “cavities”; eventhough, both terms commonly refer to accumulations of gas phasemolecules within a liquid and are typically referred to as “bubbles.”The present invention uses both bubbles and cavities, within variousembodiments of its process, as mechanisms of treatment andtransformation.

In the context of this application, the term “bubbles” is often definedas pockets of gas, which primarily do not involve molecules changingphases. Bubbles compress and expand at various stages within the presentinvention's process system and accordingly, they diffuse effectivelyinto the fluid in which they are suspended. In gas transfer and bubblefiltration applications, it is desirable to reduce bubble size, whichmaximizes the amount of gases suspended in the liquid. This reduction inbubble size increases the reactive contact area with the pollutants andthe fluid medium to be treated per unit mass of active substance.

In the context of this application, the term “cavities” is often definedas pockets of vacuum voids involving a molecular phase change; whereas,these cavities are almost instantaneously created, and almostinstantaneously imploded, thus creating said gas pocket voids.Accordingly, as the molecules change phases from gas back to liquid, theimplosion releases extreme energies in the form of shock wave pressuresand heat.

Initially, the diffused injection of steam within a fluid body createsmany small natural cavities and are usually small to microscopic insize; however in some instances, the cavities will coalesce into largerand larger vacuum voids and eventually become macroscopic and are thussometimes referred to as “Super Cavities” or “Super Cavitation.”

Cavitation Shapes and Attachment

In the cavitation process, gas phase molecules coalesce or accumulateinto enlarging pockets of gas and eventually accumulate into largevisible structures appearing as strings, sheets, and flame like shapes.Cavitation pockets are also inclined to attach themselves to objects inthe flow path and thus cause damage to said objects by means ofmicro-jet impact and supersonic shockwave erosional influence.

Cavitation Contraction Ratio

For steam injection purposes, the factor of volumetric contraction isthe inverse factor of steam's volume expansion ratio, whereby the volumeoccupied by the molecules is reduced by a factor of 1,675 for a steam towater phase change at near atmospheric conditions. Accordingly, whensteam is injected into a body of fluid, the increasing fluid pressuresurrounding the cavities forces the cavity walls inwards and therebycompresses the gas inside the cavity. This compression continues untilthe vapor pressure is reached, at which point the process changesdramatically from compression into a phase change and, nearinstantaneously, the gas molecules change phases from gas to liquid.

Implosion Mechanics

With gas pressure no longer supporting the interior walls of the cavity,the walls of the cavity rapidly move inwards. The process of the liquidrushing to re-occupy the vacuum cavity is commonly referred to as animplosion; whereas, the walls of the cavity race inwards at extremelyhigh velocities, colliding with extreme force and releasing substantiallevels of energy within a very brief period of time.

Normally, when steam pressure is injected into a fluid body, the resultis a turbulent implosion reaction whereas over a 1675:1 reduction ofsteam volume occurs at supersonic speed. This manner of cavity implosionis a violent and chaotic process and is influenced by a host ofvariables.

Ultra-Turbulence

As a process fluid, water's combination of small heavy molecules andhigh cavity wall implosion velocities (resulting from the sharp and fastrate of phase change), results in the release of extreme inertialenergies as the walls of the cavity strike against each other andagainst objects in the fluid flow path during the cavity implosionepisodes. When steam pressure and exhausted gases are mixed together andintroduced to a fluid, the implosion episodes are somewhat less forcefulthan that generated by the injection of steam pressure alone. Themixture's volume reduces rapidly and the excess emissions gases arecompressed by the turbulent condensation of the steam pressure. Themixture of gases contract and re-expand in the turbulent flow induced bythe violence of the imploding forces and the resulting fluid vacuumeffect. This event generates a multiplicity of diffused bubbles andcreates a transitional foaming state of hyper turbulent fluid and gasdynamics, which constitutes an efficient mechanism for the gas transferand filtration of airborne pollutants to be transferred and/or dissolvedinto the fluid body. Also, it is an attribute of such hydrodynamicallyturbulent flow patterns to provide high heat flux cooling capabilities,which correspond to efficient reductions in the temperatures of the gasload suspended within a turbulent flow.

The implosion mechanism of this invention creates a vast number ofturbulent bubbles within the process fluid reservoirs, which are fargreater in number and smaller in size than can be achieved throughaeration devices. Thus not only is the particulate removal efficiency ofthis invention much greater than comparable gas phase treatmenttechnologies based upon charged particle or charged droplet basedsystems, but also the gas scrubbing effect is optimized and theemissions gasses are dissolved more efficiently into the Working Fluidthan by other treatment methodologies.

Shockwave Generation

In the current invention's process system, the implosion principle is anintegrated component of the treatment system. During the initial stagesof the implosion process, as a low pressure void forms in the spaceformally occupied by the steam, the surrounding fluids rush in to fillthe void according to the principles of Raleigh's Law. Thus when thiscavitation, or ‘water hammer’ type reaction occurs, a mass of watertraveling at high speed is rapidly decelerated by the implodingcollision and a high energy wave is dissipated as a high pressure wave,or acoustic wave traveling at supersonic speed through the fluidreservoir system. The resulting collision of the fluid cavity wallsgenerates an over-pressurization event, which reverberates throughoutthe fluid body's reservoir.

Shock Absorption Effect

Water containing solids, gases, and other ingredients behaves morenon-homogenously than does pure water alone; in that, it causes a“blurred” or lesser defined phase change reaction. These added‘ingredients’ reduce the rate of cavity creation and collapse, as wellas lowering the amount of energy released by the implosion in additionto reducing the potential for damage caused by the cavitation process.

Bubble Filtration and Cooling Mechanisms

As cavities implode and bubbles collapse and re-expand, severalmechanisms are at work therein to accomplish the intended purpose ofthis invention:

-   -   1) Condensation occurs at the bubble wall causing heat and        foreign matter to leave the bubble and be absorbed into the        fluid body.    -   2) Evaporation at the bubble wall interface injects cool matter        into the bubble, lowering the temperature.    -   3) Heat flux into the fluid body carries heat away from the        bubble.    -   4) As a function of time, the bubble volume and temperature are        factors of the water's kinetics and determine the nature of the        bubble composition.

Electrostatic Influence

England's Sir William George Armstrong, (1810-1900) built anelectrostatic boiler in 1842 due to his fascination with electricallycharged steam. Later in 1887, Richard von Helmholtz discovered thatsmall, electrically charged, particles possessed a remarkable ability tocondense steam around them. Still several years later in 1894, NobelPrize winner Sir J. J. Thomson further studied this phenomenon anddeveloped the framework for much of our current understanding of theinteraction between charged particles and steam.

There are many inventions, which use electrostatic influence to removeairborne pollutants. Some of these inventions seek to charge theparticulates in an airborne emissions stream while other inventions arefounded upon charging an airborne dispersion of liquid droplets.

Certain embodiments of this invention utilizes a two, or more, phaseapproach to electrostatic influencing the removal of pollutants in avery novel arrangement much different and more effective than that ofprior art technologies.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the science of pollutant treatment.

Basic Process Operation Description

The present invention uniquely employs a gas phase mixture of exhaustand/or emissions as well as steam, which in certain embodiments, arecombined either prior to, or subsequent to, injection within the processsystem's fluid reservoir. As such, the thermodynamic energy cycleemployed is a variation of the Rankine Cycle; whereas, heat istransferred from a constant temperature source and energy is extractedfrom the process as the heat is dispensed at lower temperatures.

The present invention utilizes an Injection Chamber Mechanism forcombining the steam and emissions gas mixture within the processsystem's fluid reservoir. This Injection Chamber is the point ofinterface where the enthalpy or internal energy of the gas/vapormixture, or Driving Fluid, is translated into kinetic energy as thehydrodynamic interaction occurs within the process fluid body (orWorking Fluid as referred to herein).

When the mixed gas/steam blend (or Driving Fluid as referred to herein)is injected in and through the current invention's Injection ChamberMechanism, the volume of gases almost immediately respond to the coolerfluid temperatures by violently imploding a portion the injected gasmixture's volume. The implosion of these vacuum void cavities impactsthe gas phase bubbles of the exhausted gas volumes and creates aturbulent mass of contracting and expanding bubbles, which disperse intoa foaming mixture of very fine bubbles within the process system's fluidreservoir.

The implosion-generated foaming mass of bubbles, containing variousgaseous and particulate contaminates, are immediately subject to abubble filtration influence pursuant to the nature of the processenvironment. Further, gas transfer dynamics occur rapidly as the foamingmass of bubbles are carried through the process system and kept in aturbulent state by various process components including, but not limitedto, in-line mixing devices and turbulence inducing process flow patterngeometries. By keeping the fluid flow channel subject to the turbulentinfluence of the gas transfer process is maximized as the residence timeof each micro bubble is extended by the transport distance of the fluidand gas suspension within the process system.

Another mechanism of the process is contributed by the suspended solidsof process reactant or reactants, which are added to the process fluidreservoir and exert a neutralizing influence upon the ionic state of theprocess fluid suspension. As the process fluids are acidified by thecontaminant influence, they are accordingly neutralized by the reactantsuspension and generate an agglomerating suspended solids componentwithin the process fluid flow channel.

When the process fluids reach the Gas/Solids Separation Unit, the carbondioxide, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and other residual gases are releasedto a secondary process for subsequent gas treatment, recycling, capture,and/or sequestration activities, or are released to the atmosphere,provided the toxicity of the gaseous emissions is reduced to legallyacceptable limits.

Accordingly, the neutralized suspended solids load is flocculated andremoved from the reservoir fluids by both the first and second phase ofthe process solids separation components. The solids are recycled intoconstruction, agricultural, and/or other products or materials forbeneficial reutilization purposes and/or are regenerated for subsequentreclamation as a reactant. The clarified process reservoir fluids arerouted through the return fluids network to the Injection Chamber bymeans of vacuum induced flow and/or gravity or pumping.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, a Hydro Turbine unit islocated on the return fluid network and is subject to the propulsioninfluence exerted by the induced vacuum flow forces generated in theInjection Chamber and gas Transition Mixing Conduit portions of theprocess system. The flow of the process system's Working Fluid deliversforce to the Hydro Turbine, which generates torque or thrust to drive anelectrical generator, a pump, or other process device for recoveringenergy from the steam condensation implosion-induced forces.

Treatment of Gaseous Contaminants

To present an example of the current invention's gaseous treatmentprocess mechanisms, a typical coal-fired power plant emissions scenariowill be addressed and hydrated lime will be selected as the reactantsubstance to be used for said process example. Accordingly, the “lime”may consist of various concentrations of calcium oxide, calciumhydroxide, and calcium carbonate.

As previously described, the injection of combustion exhausts, oremissions, as well as steam, results in a turbulent reaction within theprocess system and creates a very dense mixture of small gas bubbles,which are transported within the process system's fluid flow pattern.

The reactant is typically added to the system's fluid reservoir at aposition prior to the steam/gas mixture injection points; wherein theinjection turbulence creates an optimal chemical reaction environmentfor mixing, bubble filtration, gas transfer, neutralization, anddissolution mechanisms.

On a weight fraction basis, bituminous coal, for instance, generatescombustion gas mixtures primarily composed of 71% nitrogen and 25%carbon dioxide. The remaining balance of coal combustion gas iscomprised of CO, NO_(x), SO_(x), water vapor, and a blend of microcontaminant components. To evaluate the fate of combustion byproductgasses in this invention's treatment environment, a typical coalcombustion emission gas blend will be examined. Therefore, thepollutants of coal combustion and this invention's treatment mechanismsfor said pollutants are more particularly described as follows:

Nitrogen Oxide (NO_(X)) Removal

When nitrogen dioxide reacts with water the following chemical reactionoccurs: 2NO₂+H₂O→HNO₂+HNO₃ (nitrogen dioxide+water→nitrous acid+nitricacid). Calcium carbonate reacts with nitric acid to form calciumnitrate: CaCO₃+2HNO₃→Ca(NO₃)₂CaNO₃+CO₂+H₂O Additionally, mono-nitrogenoxides also eventually form nitric acid when dissolved in water and arethus subject to like neutralization reaction. Other reactions in thisprocess mechanism include:

CaO+HNO₃→Ca(NO₃)₂

Ca(OH)₂+2HNO₃→Ca(NO₃)₂+2H₂O

Sulfur Oxide (SO_(X)) Removal

In particular, calcium oxide (lime) reacts with sulfur dioxide to formcalcium sulfite: CaO+SO₂→CaSO₃ and aerobic oxidation converts this CaSO₃into gypsum or (CaSO₄). Other reactions in this process mechanisminclude:

2CaO+2SO₂+O₂→2CaSO₄

Ca(OH)₂+SO₂+½O₂→CaSO₄+2H₂O

2CaCO₃+2SO₂+O₂→2CaSO₄+2CO₂

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Removal

Although, the carbon monoxide content of coal combustion exhaust isrelatively de minimis, it remains a toxic gas emission and represents ameasure of impact upon the environment; moreover, the current inventionincorporates a mechanism for its removal.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, steam and combustionemissions are mixed prior to injection in the invention's process systemfluids. This process mechanism provides the reactive environmentnecessary to support a high temperature—water gas shift reaction or a(HT) CO shift conversion reaction. In this manner the carbon monoxidecomponent of the emissions gas flow is subjected to pressurized steamand a water gas shift reaction results, which translates the carbonmonoxide into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide.

For example: CO+H₂O→CO₂+H₂

Carbon Dioxide (Phase 1—CO₂ Treatment)

Carbon dioxide has only limited solubility in water at approximately2,000 mg/l which is only 4 thousandths of a pound of CO₂ per liter ofwater. Yet, as the carbon dioxide progressively dissolves in water;whereas the carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with water (H₂O) to formcarbonic acid (H₂CO₃), and then carbonic acid partially dissociates toform hydrogen (H⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃ ⁻).

As the water's bicarbonate ion content rises and it becomes increasinglyacidic and it becomes corrosive to the lime reactant within thereservoir fluids. The carbonated water or the system's reservoir and theReactant compounds react to generate soluble bicarbonate ions.

Because the waste-gas stream of a power plant has a high carbon dioxideconcentration, the water acidification loading will be rapid and willlead to an efficient dissolution of the neutralizing substance orReactant.

A number of reactions occur when the process reactant is lime-basedproduct containing various concentrations of calcium oxide, calciumhydroxide, and/or calcium carbonate:

CaO+CO₂→CaCO₃

CaO+H₂O→Ca(OH)₂

Ca(OH)₂+CO₂→CaCO₃+H₂O

CaCO₃+H₂O+CO₂→Ca(HCO₃)₂

CaCO₃+H2CO₃→Ca₂₊+2HCO³⁻

CO₂+H₂O→H₂CO₃

H₂CO₃+2OH⁻→(CO₃)²⁻+4H₂O

Ca₂₊+(CO₃)²⁻→CaCO₃

At subsequent process components, such as the gas separation mechanismor the clarifier mechanism, the insoluble calcium carbonate precipitateand other solid precipitates, flocculate and are removed from theprocess system for beneficial reutilization or recycling purposes.

Carbon Dioxide (Phase 2—CO₂ Treatment System)

Although a portion of the carbon dioxide emissions is converted in thepresent invention's primary treatment mechanism, referred to herein asthe Phase 1—CO₂ Treatment System, the remaining portion of carbondioxide can purified by the other optional treatment mechanisms and theeffluent from the gas separation unit mechanism is primarily a filteredblend of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

In certain embodiments of this invention's Phase 2—CO₂ Treatment Systemmechanism, the filtered gases from the Gas/Solids Separation Unit arerouted to and through an absorbent and/or adsorbent reactor and/ormembrane unit where the carbon dioxide is transferred to an absorbent oradsorbent fluid or solid substance and thus routed to a desorptionmechanism where pure carbon dioxide is recovered, compressed, andliquefied for sale or otherwise reutilized.

The absorbent and/or adsorbent substance utilized by this sub-processcontains at least one of the following compounds: Monoethanolamine,Diethanolamine, Diglycolamine, Methyldiethanolamine,Monoethanolamine-Glycol Mixtures, Diispropanolamine, Mixed Amines,Sterically Hindered Amines, Alkanolamines, and/or other such AmineConcentrations.

Reactant

The process reactant is added to the treatment system's reservoir fluidsand physically consist of a pulverized solid, semi-solid, and/or liquid,which contains one or more of the following substances: calciumcarbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, ammoniumhydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium chloride, olivine, serpentine,antigorite, basaltic formation minerals, brucite, lizardite, cement,wollastonite, magnesium silicate, and calcium silicate, potassiumcarbonate, magnesite, silica and iron oxide, magnetite, sodiumcarbonate, and/or any combination thereof.

Particulate Removal by Treatment System

Particles are, by definition, both solid bits and tiny liquid dropletsof condensed pollutants. Size definition for both solid particles andliquid particles has been established by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency as follows:

-   -   Coarse=particles 2.5 micron and larger    -   Fine=2.5 micron and smaller    -   Ultra fine particles=0.1 micron and smaller

The current invention's process acts as a treatment system for theefficient removal of airborne particulates of all size ranges. Certainembodiments of this invention's process system employ a two-phaseapproach to the particulate removal task.

Particulate Removal—Phase 1

In phase one, the deliberate mixing of steam and emissions creates thefirst treatment opportunity and, by means of induced electrical current,the gas/steam mixture is passed through either a screen or corona wirearray and/or the steam is injected through a charged network of nozzlesor orifices. The steam component in the mixture develops a slightpositive charge and electrostatically influences the capture ofparticulates in the hyper dense field of steam surrounding saidparticulates.

Many prior art inventions seek to use electrostatic influence to removeairborne pollutants by either charging the particulates themselves inthe emissions stream or by charging a field of dispersed atomized liquiddroplets. Conversely, this invention's direct use of steam andsubsequent indirect use of steam condensation is a novel improvementfrom prior art, which translates into a higher degree of particulateremoval efficiency.

This invention's electrostatic influence component allows for theefficient mixing of suspended particulates and charged steam droplets.When distances of 25 microns or less exist between the individualparticulates and the steam droplets, the induced electrical forcescreate a field of mutual attraction; whereas, the particle and thedroplet are enjoined. The current invention's field of steam createssuch a dense atmosphere that this electrical current induction processstep may not prove to be necessary for many emissions scenarios giventhe effective nature of the dense particulate/steam atmosphere and thesubsequent downstream treatment mechanisms; however, certainapplications may benefit from the inclusion of this step if emissions tosteam ratios are disproportionably high and the subsequent reservoirtransition phase residence time is brief.

Particulate Removal—Phase 2

In phase two, the deliberate injection of the emissions and steammixture into the process fluid reservoir creates the second particulatetreatment opportunity.

As previously discussed herein, the dynamics of the implosion and thegas phase transitions, contractions and expansions all collectivelycreate a high level of turbulence and a mass of extremely fine bubblesin the process flow network.

The hydrodynamic impact forces associated with the formation andsubsequent collapse of bubbles in this invention's fluid reservoir formsa turbulent multitude of small bubbles within the liquid in a very briefperiod of time. In this frothing bubble phase, larger particulates areimmediately absorbed into the fluid and smaller particulates, on theorder of 0.01 μm, are trapped inside the small bubbles andelectrostatically attracted to the positive charged liquid interface ofthe bubble border. Accordingly, particulates, large and small alike, areabsorbed into the fluid medium and within this turbulent multiplicity ofsmall bubbles and highly efficient gas scrubbing occurs; whereas,emissions gases are dissolved and/or neutralized by the reservoir fluidsand its associated reactant component/s.

In essence, the first and second phase treatment environments areinversely related as in the first phase particles are suspended in adense field of charged steam droplets and in the second phase, residualparticles are suspended with micro-bubbles inside a field of chargedfluid. The following Table 1.0 illustrates these process phenomena.

TABLE 1.0 Particulate Removal-Phase 1 &2 Systems

Erosion of Materials

When a cavitation bubble expands and collapses in the vicinity of arigid wall, at the bubble interface, hydrodynamic instabilities lead tothe generation of high speed or supersonic micro jet, which emanatesfrom the collapsing bubble when the standoff parameter falls below acritical value. At the final stage of the bubble collapse episode,strong shock waves, along with the micro-jet mechanisms, contribute inthe erosion process.

Various embodiments of the present invention make use of severalmechanisms to protect its process system from excessive erosional wearand accordingly, preserve the system's structural integrity. Thesemechanisms are:

Durable System Materials—The present invention makes use of cavitationresistant materials in process areas subjected to such implosion forces.These process components subject to cavitation erosion hazards, areconstructed of one or more materials including steel, stainless steel,titanium, tungsten, chromium, nickel, molybendum, ceramic, and/or othermetallic compounds identified in Groups 3 through 10 of the PeriodicTable of Elements.

Gas Phase Bubble Cushioning—By injecting both exhaust and steam into theprocess system, both bubbles and cavities are formed and the interactionbetween these two gas phase products makes use of the natural bufferingof the emissions gas bubbles and provides a cushioning mechanism toabsorb the water hammer influence of the implosion process, thuspreventing the system structure from absorbing the full impact of thesupersonic wave episodes introduced by the implosion processes.

Injection Diffusion—The present invention makes use of steam and exhaustinjection component embodiments, which disperse the Driving Fluid'ssteam component/s into an injected mass of smaller bubbles. The smallerthe bubble size being subject to implosion, the smaller the relativeshockwave strength released during each episode. By inducing adispersion of smaller steam bubbles using nozzles and constrictingorifice ports, the current invention benefits from less structuralerosion of its system components and a smoother movement of fluid occursdue to the induced vacuum force therein.

Targeted Cavitation Zones—The present invention makes use of steam andexhaust injection embodiments, which target the impact zone of thecavitation forces into areas of process system geometries less inclinedto the destructive forces of the cavitation processes. Since, cavitationbubbles tend to attach themselves to structures, the injection nozzlecomponents of this invention reduce bubble size to prevent thisoccurrence. Also, certain embodiments of this invention induce vortexflow zone patterns within the process system which enhance theintra-system movement of fluids and the consistent vacuum of the processfluid flow pattern without generating excessive cavitation into thesystem structural components.

Thermal Regulation of Process Fluids—The present invention makes use ofprocess control technology to meter in appropriate concentrations ofsteam and exhaust as well as controlling the system component input andoutput flow patterns for the purpose of regulating system fluidtemperatures. Heated process fluids react with less imploding violencethan do cooler fluids. By controlling process system Working Fluidtemperatures, the optimal balance of system performance and operationalerosion prevention is maintained the current invention.

Other Shock Absorbing Media in Process Flow—The present invention makesuse of certain low density foam, synthetic, and/or natural pellets,nodules, or particulate media, which do not present excessiveinterference with turbine performance or other system operations;whereas, said nodules float through the system's reservoir and creates ashock absorbing interface for acoustic wave energy to be dampened.

Process System Operation

There are several embodiments of the present invention which allow formultiple system arrangements with treatment process variationflexibilities broad enough to address a range of airborne pollutantscenarios as well as diverse end purpose objectives. The presentinvention's basic operation is comprised by the following steps:

-   -   a) steam pressure is combined with combustion emissions or other        pollutant emissions or exhaust gases (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F,        G, H, J, K, L, Y, and Z);    -   b) an electrical charge is induced during, or prior, to the        steam/emissions mixing process (Figures: F, G, and W);    -   c) the electrical charge is applied to the steam and/or fluid        components of said process system (Figures: F and G);    -   d) the steam/emissions mixture, or Driving Fluid, is transmitted        by pipeline, or other conduit means, to the Injection Chamber        Mechanism (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, Y, and Z);    -   e) the process fluid, or Working Fluid, is provided to said        Injection Chamber and the Driving Fluid is also introduced in        said chamber (Figures: M, N, O, P, and Q);    -   f) the injected Driving Fluid experiences the impact of phase        change forces and a rapid volume reduction reaction occurs as        the induced voids implode in a cavitation reaction (Figures: M,        N, O, P, and Q);    -   g) the Driving Fluid is de-energized and its residual gas load        is turbulently transferred into the Working Fluid (Figures: M,        N, O, P, and Q);    -   h) the vacuum force created by the implosion reaction of the        steam/emissions mixture meeting the water or process fluid body,        creates a flow of water, or Working Fluid, which rushes into the        Injection Chamber and out into the Transition Mixing Conduit        (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, Y, and Z);    -   i) as the Working Fluid, with its highly frothed, gas bubble        mass, passes through the Transition Mixing Conduit, it        encounters in-line mixing devices and other process geometries        designed to keep the Working Fluid's bubble suspension in a        state of turbulence (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L,        Y, and Z);    -   j) as the Working Fluid leaves the Transition Mixing Conduit, it        enters the Gas/Solids Separation Unit where the filtered gases        are removed from the Working Fluid and said filtered gases are        routed into a Gas Treatment, Recycling, Capture, and/or        Sequestration Mechanism (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, and        K);    -   k) the precipitated solids load flocculates out of the        Gas/Solids Separation Chamber where said Solids are removed        (Figures: A through G, J through L, and Y through Z);    -   l) the degassed Working Fluid is then routed from the Gas/Solids        Separation Chamber into a Clarifier Unit, where residual        precipitated Solids are flocculated out and said settled Solids        are removed from the Clarifier Unit (Figures: A through E, G, J        through L, and Y through Z);    -   m) the Solids load is removed from the Clarifier Unit and/or the        Gas/Solids Separation Chamber, are routed into a Reutilization        Unit for conversion into construction, agricultural, industrial,        and/or commercial products or materials, and/or for reclamation        and reuse as a Reactant (Figures: A through G, J through L, and        Y through Z);    -   n) the clarified Working Fluid is then routed to the Hydro        Turbine Unit (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, W,        and Y);    -   o) the Hydro Turbine Unit accepts water, or Working Fluid, in        its intake portal due to the vacuum-induced flow pattern        stimulated by the flow of the vacuum force drawing the Working        Fluid from its outlet portal (Figures: A through D, G through L,        and Y through Z);    -   p) the Hydro Turbine Unit's impeller system is moved by the        force of said Working Fluid and energy is translated into torque        or thrust to drive a electricity generator, pump, or other        process device for recovering energy from the de-energization of        Driving Fluids (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, W,        and Y);    -   q) the Working Fluid is then routed from the Hydro Turbine Unit        (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, and W);    -   r) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the        process system's fluid transmission network incorporates a        Closed Circuit Well Point; whereas said Working Fluid is routed        subterraneously through a pipe to the bottom of said Well Point,        which may be naturally or artificially cooled, and said Working        Fluid is then returned to the surface through a pipe and said        flow is thereby returned into the process piping network        (Figures: B and R);    -   s) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the        process system's fluid transmission network incorporates an Open        Circuit Well Point; whereas said Working Fluid is routed        subterraneously through a pipe to the bottom of said Well Point        and discharged into a suitable aquifer or other geological        formation and the amount of fluid resistance presented by said        formation returns a portion of Working Fluid flow to the surface        through a pipe and said flow is thereby returned into the        process piping network (Figures: B and S);    -   t) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the        process system's arrangement of components and/or mechanisms is        varied; whereas, said Treatment System process can be suitably        adapted to remediate the pollutants, conform to the physical        site, and/or better accommodate the generating source of said        pollutants (Figures: A through L, W, Y, and Z);    -   u) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the        process system's fluid transmission network incorporates a        mechanism for inducing an electrical charge, which is applied to        the Working Fluid component (Figures: F, G, and W);    -   v) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the        Injection Chamber, the Transition Mixing Conduit, and/or other        portions of the process system's fluid transmission network        and/or the components or mechanisms thereof, incorporates        mechanisms and arrangements to create a vortex effect within        said Treatment; whereas a multiplicity of vortices are applied        to the Working Fluid component and the Treatment System's        performance is thereby enhanced by this improvement (Figures: A        through H, and J through Z);    -   w) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the        Injection Chamber, and the Transition Mixing Conduit, and/or        other portions of the process system's fluid transmission        network, incorporate mechanisms and arrangements to inject        emissions or steam or exhaust to the Working Fluid component and        the Treatment System's performance is thereby enhanced by this        improvement (Figures: C, E, I, Y, and Z);    -   x) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the        process system's fluid transmission network incorporates a        mechanism for conveying and injecting a portion of the Working        Fluid component into a subsurface geological formation through        well point mechanisms for geothermal storage and/or to provide a        means of recovering usable gaseous or liquid natural resources        (such as methane, natural gas, and/or oil) and/or provide a        capture system for carbon dioxide sequestration purposes        (Figures: B, S, and U);    -   y) a Reactant Injection Mechanism pumps a Reactant substance        into the Working Fluid conduit (Figures: A through H, J through        L, and Y through Z); and    -   z) the Working Fluid responds to the steam condensation-induced        vacuum force and is driven into the Injection Chamber Mechanism,        thus completing a process system circuit (Figures: A through Z).

Additional Process Components

Well Points—Certain embodiments of the present invention, may bearranged to utilize one or more subsurface well points or combinationsof types thereof. The use of well points for the circulation of thesystem Working Fluid has distinct advantages:

-   -   a) Better Gas Transfer Mechanics—The downward flow of fluid        force suspended bubbles causes said bubbles to decrease in size        as they descend (at approximately 300′ of depth, the bubble size        has reduced by a factor of tenfold; whereas the smaller the        bubble size, the greater the gas transfer efficiency).    -   b) Smaller Physical System Footprint—Less surface area is needed        for long runs of multiple pipelines.    -   c) Improved Thermodynamics—The arrangement allows use of natural        geothermal resources.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, there are four generaltypes of well point configurations, which may be used in singular orunison process arrangements. These well point types are more preciselydescribed as follows:

-   1) Closed Circuit Well Point (Figure R)—This configuration is a    sealed component where fluids are transmitted downward and returned    to the surface.-   2) Closed Circuit Well Point with Casing Cooling Feature (Figure    T)—This configuration is also a sealed component where fluids are    transmitted downward and returned to the surface. The added feature    of this well point configuration consists in an arrangement which    injects cooling water in a casing jacket chamber around said well    point and thus allows for additional cooling to take place on the    Working Fluid being transmitted through the inner piping channels.-   3) Open Circuit Well Point (Figure S)—This configuration is similar    to the Closed Circuit Well Point component with the exception that    the lower portions of the supply and return piping systems are    opened into a geological formation for geothermal transfer or    storage; whereas, the fluids are transmitted freely to and fro and    excess fluid pressures return to the surface to be transmitted    through the process system network.-   4) Formation Injection Well Point (Figure U)—This configuration is    similar to the Open Circuit Well Point component with the exception    that this well point has no return flow feature; in that, this well    point is directed into a geological formation for geothermal storage    and/or to provide a means of displacing usable gaseous or liquid    natural resources (such as methane, natural gas, and/or oil) and/or    to provide a system for carbon dioxide sequestration in said    formation and/or old underground mining works. The Formation    Injection Well Point will be used in conjunction with a separate    Resource Recovery Well Point, or other conventional recovery well    configuration or arrangement, for recovering said usable gaseous or    liquid natural resources.

Special Configurations

Open Circuit Treatment System (Figure H)—Certain embodiments of thecurrent invention may or may not involve a toxic emissions element withsteam pressure. In an Open Circuit Treatment System where the emissionsare relatively non-toxic due to the use of certain alternative fuels orclean energy resources, the Working Fluid may be clean enough to warrantdirect release into a body of water and/or drawing replacement fluidsfrom the same.

Steam to Energy System (Figure I)—Certain embodiments of the currentinvention may or may not involve mixing emissions with steam pressure.In a steam to energy system cycle, steam pressure, from any means ofsteam generation (including but not limited to combustion of fossilfuels, nuclear reactors, solar reactors, geothermal, wind resources,etc.), may be translated into the motive force of a fluid; whereas themotive force provides a means of generating hydroelectric power and/orproviding power to another turbine, pump, or other such apparatusdesigned to extract energy from the movement of a fluid.

The steam pressures utilized can also either be insufficient to drive aconventional steam turbine or the steam pressure may be a de-energizedoutlet pressure from a steam turbine. In each case, the currentinvention's Injection Chamber Mechanism can provide vacuum thrust to theprocess fluid or Working Fluid and thus power a Hydro Turbine and/orgenerator assembly to create electricity or provide motive force foranother beneficial purpose.

Explosive or Thermobaric Reaction Energy Process Treatment System(Figures: J, K, L, and W)—Although, the current invention has obviousapplication and benefit to combustion exhaust and other industrialprocess emissions treatment scenarios, certain embodiments of thecurrent invention be employed with explosive or thermobaric reactionenergy processes; whereas, such energy processes may involvepulse/impulse dissociation and/or steam conversion elements.

Exhaust to Energy System (Figure C)—Certain embodiments of the currentinvention may include a process arrangement component for recoveringenergy from the filtered gas discharges from the process system. In thisembodiment configuration, a windmill or wind turbine is encased within agas transport pipe or duct or is positioned on the effluent end of theexhaust gas flow; whereas, said gaseous flow provides motive force tothe turbine blades or windmill fan and rotational energy is supplied tothe generator thus producing a quantity of electricity.

TABLE 2.0 PROCESS CONFIGURATION VARIATION MATRIX Process Cycle: 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Drawing/Figure No.: A B C D E F G H I J K L Y ZComponent/Process Employed Injection Chamber Mechanism S S S S S S S S SS S S S S Transition Mixing Conduit S S S S S S S S O S S S S SGas/Solids Separation Unit S S S S S S S O O S S S S S Clarifier Unit SS S S S O S O O S S S S S Hydro Turbine S S S S S S S S S S S S S SSolids Reutilization and/or Recycling S S S S S S S O O S S S S S GasTreatment, Recycling, Capture, S S S S S S S O O S S O O O and/orSequestration Mechanism/s Hydro-Electricity Produced S S S S S S S S S SS S S O Reactant Injection S S S S S S S S O S S S S S Exchange withBody of Water S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Combined Steam & S S S S S S SS O S S S S S Emissions/Exhaust Injection Steam Injected Independently OO O O S O O O S O O O S S Emissions/Exhaust Injected O O S O O O O O O OO O S S Independently Annular Injector Sequence O O O O O O O O O O O OO O Interior Channel Injector Sequence O O O O O O O O O O O O O OCombined Injector Sequence O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Transition MixingZone Injection O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Points Hydro Turbine Locatedon Suction S S S S O O S S S S S S S S Side of Injection Chamber HydroTurbine Located on Discharge O O O O S S O O O O O O O O Side ofInjection Chamber Closed Circuit Well Points (FIG. R) O S O O O O O O OO O O O O Open Circuit Well Points (FIG. S) O O O O O O O O O O O O O OClosed Circuit Well Points with O O O O O O O O O O O O O O CoolingSystems (FIG. T) Formation Injection &Resource O O O O O O O O O O O O OO Recovery Well Points (FIG. U) Vortex Induction Mechanisms (FIG. S S SS S S S S O S S S S S X) Cooling Mechanisms (Cooling O O O S O O O O O OO O O O Towers, Cooling Channels (FIG. V), Cooling Jackets, Etc.) DirectAtmospheric Discharge of O O O O O O O O O O O O S S Filtered GasesUpgradient Process System O O O O O O O O O O O O O O DowngradientProcess System O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Surface Impoundment -Settling O O O O O O O O O O O O S S and/or Cooling Pond ElectricalCurrent Induction - Vapor O O O O O S S O O O O O O O Phase ElectricalCurrent Induction - Liquid O O O O O S S O O O O O O O PhaseContributing Process Gases - S S S S S S S S S S S S S S CombustionRelated Contributing Process Gases - Non- O O O O O O O O O O O O O OCombustion Related Contributing Process Driven by O O O O O O O O O S SS O O Thermobaric or Explosive Reaction Wind Generated ElectricityProduced O O S O O O O O O O O O O O Within Process Steam GeneratedElectricity O O O O O O O O O S O O O O Produced Within Process

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING Figure A Sheet# 1 of26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment & Energy Recovery - ProcessCycle 1 Figure B Sheet# 2 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment &Energy Recovery - Process Cycle 2 Figure C Sheet# 3 of 26Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment & Energy Recovery - Process Cycle 3Figure D Sheet# 4 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment & EnergyRecovery - Process Cycle 4 Figure E Sheet# 5 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™Emissions Treatment & Energy Recovery - Process Cycle 5 Figure F Sheet#6 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment & Energy Recovery - ProcessCycle 6 Figure G Sheet# 7 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment &Energy Recovery - Process Cycle 7 Figure H Sheet# 8 of 26Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment & Energy Recovery - Process Cycle 8Figure I Sheet# 9 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment & EnergyRecovery - Process Cycle 9 Figure J Sheet# 10 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™Thermobaric Reaction/ Explosion Energy Conversion - Process Cycle 10Figure K Sheet# 11 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Thermobaric Reaction/Explosion Energy Conversion - Process Cycle 11 Figure L Sheet# 12 of 26Implo-Dynamics ™ ~XPLOGEN ™ - Pulse Dissociation- Process Cycle 12Figure M Sheet# 13 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ External Annular VortexInjector 1 - Process Component 1 Figure N Sheet# 14 of 26 Implo-DynamicsExternal Annular Vortex Injector 1 - Process Component 2 Figure O Sheet#15 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Internal Bladed Vortex Injector - ProcessComponent Figure P Sheet# 16 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Injection ChamberConfigurations 1 - Process Components Figure Q Sheet# 17 of 26Implo-Dynamics ™ Injection Chamber Configurations 2 - Process ComponentsFigure R Sheet# 18 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Closed Circuit Well Point -Process Component Figure S Sheet# 19 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Open CircuitWell Point - Process Component Figure T Sheet# 20 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™Closed Circuit Well Point With Casing Cooling - Process Component FigureU Sheet# 21 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Formation Injection and ResourceRecovery Well Points - Process Component Figure V Sheet# 22 of 26Implo-Dynamics ™ Process Cooling Channel - Process Component Figure WSheet# 23 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Process Incorporated into ExplosiveEnergy Conversion System Figure X Sheet# 24 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™Vortex Induction Features - Process Components Figure Y Sheet# 25 of 26Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment & Energy Recovery - Process Cycle13 Figure Z Sheet# 26 of 26 Implo-Dynamics ™ Emissions Treatment -Process Cycle 14

In view of the preferred embodiments described above, it should beapparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may beembodied in forms other than those specifically described herein withoutdeparting from the spirit or central characteristics of the invention.Thus, the specific embodiments described herein are to be considered asillustrative and by no means restrictive.

The above description is that of a preferred embodiment of theinvention. Multiple modifications and variations are possible in lightof the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, withinthe scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practicedotherwise than as specifically described. Any reference to claimelements in the singular, e.g. using the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” or“said” is not construed as limiting the element to the singular.

Further, it is to be understood that the present invention is notlimited to the embodiments described above, but encompasses any and allembodiments within the scope of the preceding claims. None of the aboveinventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seento describe the instant invention as claimed.

1) A method for treating, controlling, capturing, or otherwise reducinggaseous and/or particulate airborne pollutants and producing energy fromthe condensation of pressurized steam, comprising the mixture ofpressurized steam with emissions, exhaust, and/or the airbornepollutants therein, and injecting said mixture, collectively orseparately, into a fluid body contained within a process system in orderto induce a vacuum and/or pressure driven propulsion influence to saidfluid body via the cavitation reaction produced by the condensationphase change of said steam containing mixture within the fluid body;wherein the fluid body constitutes a mechanism of treatment for saidpollutants and the flow of which becomes a supply of motive force topower a turbine or other mechanism for converting said force into usableenergy (and/or as generally described in Figures: A through Z). 2) Amethod according to claim 1, wherein said process comprises thefollowing steps: a) steam pressure is combined with combustion emissionsor other pollutant emissions or exhaust gases (Figures: A, B, C, D, E,F, G, H, J, K, L, Y, and Z); b) an electrical charge is induced during,or prior, to the steam/emissions mixing process (Figures: F, G, and W);c) the electrical charge is applied to the steam and/or fluid componentsof said process system (Figures: F and G); d) the steam/emissionsmixture, or Driving Fluid, is transmitted by pipeline, or other conduitmeans, to the Injection Chamber Mechanism (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G,H, J, K, L, Y, and Z); e) the process fluid, or Working Fluid, isprovided to said Injection Chamber and the Driving Fluid is alsointroduced in said chamber (Figures: M, N, O, P, and Q); f) the injectedDriving Fluid experiences the impact of phase change forces and a rapidvolume reduction reaction occurs as the induced voids implode in acavitation reaction (Figures: M, N, O, P, and Q); g) the Driving Fluidis de-energized and its residual gas load is turbulently transferredinto the Working Fluid (Figures: M, N, O, P, and Q); h) the vacuum forcecreated by the implosion reaction of the steam/emissions mixture meetingthe water or process fluid body, creates a flow of water, or WorkingFluid, which rushes into the Injection Chamber and out into theTransition Mixing Conduit (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, Y,and Z); i) as the Working Fluid, with its highly frothed, gas bubblemass, passes through the Transition Mixing Conduit, it encountersin-line mixing devices and other process geometries designed to keep theWorking Fluid's bubble suspension in a state of turbulence (Figures: A,B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, Y, and Z); j) as the Working Fluid leavesthe Transition Mixing Conduit, it enters the Gas/Solids Separation Unitwhere the filtered gases are removed from the Working Fluid and saidfiltered gases are routed into a Gas Treatment, Recycling, Capture,and/or Sequestration Mechanism (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K);k) the precipitated solids load flocculates out of the Gas/SolidsSeparation Chamber where said Solids are removed (Figures: A through G,J through L, and Y through Z); l) the degassed Working Fluid is thenrouted from the Gas/Solids Separation Chamber into a Clarifier Unit,where residual precipitated Solids are flocculated out and said settledSolids are removed from the Clarifier Unit (Figures: A through E, G, Jthrough L, and Y through Z); m) the Solids load is removed from theClarifier Unit and/or the Gas/Solids Separation Chamber, are routed intoa Reutilization Unit for conversion into construction, agricultural,industrial, and/or commercial products or materials, and/or forreclamation and reuse as a Reactant (Figures: A through G, J through L,and Y through Z); n) the clarified Working Fluid is then routed to theHydro Turbine Unit (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, W, andY); o) the Hydro Turbine Unit accepts water, or Working Fluid, in itsintake portal due to the vacuum-induced flow pattern stimulated by theflow of the vacuum force drawing the Working Fluid from its outletportal (Figures: A through D, G through L, and Y through Z); p) theHydro Turbine Unit's impeller system is moved by the force of saidWorking Fluid and energy is translated into torque or thrust to drive aelectricity generator, pump, or other process device for recoveringenergy from the de-energization of Driving Fluids (Figures: A, B, C, D,E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, W, and Y); q) the Working Fluid is then routedfrom the Hydro Turbine Unit (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K,L, and W); r) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, theprocess system's fluid transmission network incorporates a ClosedCircuit Well Point; whereas said Working Fluid is routed subterraneouslythrough a pipe to the bottom of said Well Point, which may be naturallyor artificially cooled, and said Working Fluid is then returned to thesurface through a pipe and said flow is thereby returned into theprocess piping network (Figures: B and R); s) in one or more embodimentsof said Treatment System, the process system's fluid transmissionnetwork incorporates an Open Circuit Well Point; whereas said WorkingFluid is routed subterraneously through a pipe to the bottom of saidWell Point and discharged into a suitable aquifer or other geologicalformation and the amount of fluid resistance presented by said formationreturns a portion of Working Fluid flow to the surface through a pipeand said flow is thereby returned into the process piping network(Figures: B and S); t) in one or more embodiments of said TreatmentSystem, the process system's arrangement of components and/or mechanismsis varied; whereas, said Treatment System process can be suitablyadapted to remediate the pollutants, conform to the physical site,and/or better accommodate the generating source of said pollutants(Figures: A through L, W, Y, and Z); u) in one or more embodiments ofsaid Treatment System, the process system's fluid transmission networkincorporates a mechanism for inducing an electrical charge, which isapplied to the Working Fluid component (Figures: F, G, and W); v) in oneor more embodiments of said Treatment System, the Injection Chamber, theTransition Mixing Conduit, and/or other portions of the process system'sfluid transmission network and/or the components or mechanisms thereof,incorporates mechanisms and arrangements to create a vortex effectwithin said Treatment; whereas a multiplicity of vortices are applied tothe Working Fluid component and the Treatment System's performance isthereby enhanced by this improvement (Figures: A through H, and Jthrough Z); w) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, theInjection Chamber, and the Transition Mixing Conduit, and/or otherportions of the process system's fluid transmission network, incorporatemechanisms and arrangements to inject emissions or steam or exhaust tothe Working Fluid component and the Treatment System's performance isthereby enhanced by this improvement (Figures: C, E, I, Y, and Z); x) inone or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the process system'sfluid transmission network incorporates a mechanism for conveying andinjecting a portion of the Working Fluid component into a subsurfacegeological formation through well point mechanisms for geothermalstorage and/or to provide a means of recovering usable gaseous or liquidnatural resources (such as methane, natural gas, and/or oil) and/orprovide a capture system for carbon dioxide sequestration purposes(Figures: B, S, and U); y) a Reactant Injection Mechanism pumps aReactant substance into the Working Fluid conduit (Figures: A through H,J through L, and Y through Z); and z) the Working Fluid responds to thesteam condensation-induced vacuum force and is driven into the InjectionChamber Mechanism, thus completing a process system circuit (Figures: Athrough Z). 3) A method according to claim 1, (as generally described inFigures: A through L, and/or Y through Z); wherein said processcomprises an airborne pollutant emissions abatement system comprising aninlet arrangement linked to a source of gaseous and/or particulateemissions or exhaust and/or steam, thus constituting a mixture, orDriving Fluid, which is supplied to an Injection Chamber Mechanism forintroducing said mixture, or Driving Fluid, into a process fluidreservoir or Working Fluid, a mixing zone positioned in and between theInjection Chamber Mechanism, the Transition Mixing Conduit and otherdownstream fluid and gaseous treatment and recovery components of saidprocess system, as well as a Hydro Turbine Unit for utilizing andtranslating induced process fluid, or Working Fluid, flows into torqueor thrust for driving a generator to create electricity and/or use themotive force to fulfill another energy resource need, such as driving apump. 4) A method according to claim 1, wherein one or more embodimentsof the pollutant treatment system comprises a mechanism for injectingairborne emissions and/or exhaust and steam into a pipe, conduit,chamber, or other fluid-containing process system component; whereassaid injection system may either consist of a outside border orcircumferential port arrangement to inject steam and/or exhaust pressureinto a stream of fluid from the outside border of the channel conduit,tube, pipe or other injection mechanism, or an arrangement to introducea jet of steam and/or exhaust pressure to the interior of a fluidchannel with channel fluid flows surrounding said injection jetassembly; and/or an arrangement incorporating a combination of saidcircumferential ports and said internal injection components (asgenerally described in Figures: M, N, O, P, and/or Q); wherein thepurpose of these injection mechanisms is to provide a means fortreating, reducing, dissolving, or capturing said pollutants and/orgases and/or to create a flow of fluid within said process system forhydroelectric energy production purposes. 5) A method according to claim1, wherein said process system contains a means for inducing a positive,or negative, electrical charge influence upon a steam or Driving Fluidand/or Working Fluid body by passing said fluid through one or moredevices including a charged nozzle, a screen, a corona wire array, anorifice, and/or a section of pipe; wherein said fluid receives andretains an electrical charge for the purpose of enhancing the captureand retention of said pollutants into said body of fluid and/or steam(as generally described in Figures: F and G). 6) A method according toclaim 1 (as generally described in Figures: A through H, J through L,and Y through Z); comprising the injection of a reactant into saidprocess system's Working Fluid for the purpose of providing aneutralizing influence upon the progressive acidification of the processWorking Fluid thereby produced by the introduction and diffusion ofgaseous and particulate contaminates into and through the fluids of saidprocess system. 7) A method according to claim 1 comprising a means forincreasing bubble diffusion gas filtering effectiveness and for coolingsystem fluids with natural geothermal influences; whereas said methodinvolves routing process fluid flow into one or more Well Points with aninner casing and an outer casing to allow flow to be routed downward andreturn to the surface before system fluids are transmitted on to thesubsequent phases of said treatment system network; wherein said methoduses the natural pressure forces of water to decrease the bubble size ofthe suspended gas bubbles as the water is routed downward whereupon assaid flow returns to the surface, the bubbles enlarge (as partiallydescribed in Figures: R, S, and T). 8) A method according to claim 7wherein said Well Point is open to a subsurface geological formationsuitable to receive system fluid flow and return a portion of said flowto the surface for transmission on to the subsequent components of saidtreatment system's process flow network (as partially described inFigure S). 9) A method according to claim 1 wherein said Working Fluid,and/or the gases therein or therefrom, is injected by one or more wellpoints into a geological formation comprising a means of dislodging orgasifying methane, natural gas, oil and/or gaseous or liquidhydrocarbons from said formation and/or also constituting a means ofsequestering carbon dioxide from the Working Fluid; whereas, additionalwell points are placed in said formation to recover the dislodged gasesfor separation and energy recovery purposes (as partially described inFigure U). 10) A method according to claim 1, wherein said WorkingFluid, and/or the gases therein or therefrom, is injected by one or morewell points into a geological formation comprising a means ofgeothermally storing the heat from said Working Fluid in said formationand/or a means of sequestering carbon dioxide therein; whereas,additional well points are placed in said formation to recover heatedfluids and/or gases for energy production and/or energy recoverypurposes (as partially described in Figures: S and/or U). 11) A methodaccording to claim 1 (as partially described in Figures: V and T);wherein one or more embodiments of said treatment system, the methodcomprises a means of cooling said system and/or its components bylocating all, or portions of said system components, beneath acirculating fluid and/or configuring said components with coolingjackets for liquid and/or gaseous cooling substances to be circulatedtherein and therefrom. 12) The method of claim 6, wherein the reactantcomprises a pulverized solid, semi-solid, and/or liquid blend, whichcontains one or more of the following substances: calcium carbonate,calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesiumhydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium chloride,olivine, serpentine, antigorite, basaltic formation minerals, brucite,lizardite, cement, wollastonite, magnesium silicate, and calciumsilicate, potassium carbonate, magnesite, silica and iron oxide,magnetite, sodium carbonate, and/or any combination thereof. 13) Amethod according to claim 1 and claim 2 wherein said method or processprovides for carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to be captured,treated, sequestrated, recovered, and/or purified and comprises a meansfor separating said gases for subsequent treatment using sorbents,catalysts, and/or membrane systems including, but not limited to,systems utilizing substances or solutions containing at least one of thefollowing compounds including: Monoethanolamine, Diethanolamine,Diglycolamine, Methyldiethanolamine, Monoethanolamine-Glycol Mixtures,Diispropanolamine, Mixed Amines, Sterically Hindered Amines,Alkanolamines, and/or other such Amine Concentrations. 14) An apparatusaccording to claim 1, herein referred to as a Injection ChamberMechanism, whereas one or more embodiments of which are generallydescribed in Figures: M, N, O, P, and/or Q, wherein said apparatuscomprises a fluid conduit device, such as a chamber, pipe, cylinder,vessel, or other such process arrangement, including an inlet and outletportal arrangement for the transmission of a Working Fluid, an inletportal and/or nozzle mechanism/s for the intake of a compressibleDriving Fluid, which includes emissions and/or exhaust as well as steampressure either in combination or singularly, and said Injection ChamberMechanism also includes interior features and geometries designed tocreate turbulence and vortices in the Working Fluid flow passing thereinand therefrom. 15) An apparatus according to claim 1, herein referred toas the Transition Mixing Conduit, whereas one or more embodiments ofwhich are generally described in Figures: A through H, J through L, andY through Z, wherein said apparatus comprises a fluid conduit device,such as a chamber, pipe, cylinder, vessel, or other such processarrangement, including an inlet and outlet portal arrangement for thetransmission of a Working Fluid, and may include one or more inletportals and/or nozzle mechanism/s for the injection intake of acompressible Driving Fluid, which includes emissions and/or exhaustand/or steam pressure, either in combination or singularly, and saidTransition Mixing Conduit incorporates interior features and geometriesdesigned to create turbulence and vortices in the Working Fluid flowpassing therein and therefrom. 16) An apparatus according to claim 1,herein referred to as the Gas/Solids Separation Unit, whereas one ormore embodiments of which are generally described in Figures: A throughG, J through L, and Y through Z and Y; wherein said apparatus comprisesa fluid conduit device, such as a chamber, pipe, cylinder, vessel, tank,or other such combined process arrangement, including an inlet andoutlet portal arrangement for the throughput transmission of a clarifiedand degassed Working Fluid, and includes one or more outlet portals forexhausting or conveying the filtered gases released from the WorkingFluid, and also includes one or more outlet portals for allowing solidsor dense semi-solid substances to be drained and/or conveyed from saidchamber or process system and thereby directed into a reutilization,waste disposal, and/or recycling process. 17) An apparatus according toclaim 1, herein referred to as the Clarifier Unit, whereas one or moreembodiments of which are generally described in Figures: A through E, Jthrough L, and Y through Z, wherein said apparatus comprises a fluidconduit device, such as a chamber, pipe, cylinder, vessel, tank, pond,impoundment, or other such combined process arrangement, including aninlet and outlet portal arrangement for the throughput transmission of aclarified Working Fluid, and includes one or more outlet portals forallowing solids or dense semi-solid substances to be drained and/orconveyed from said chamber or process system and thereby directed into areutilization, waste disposal, and/or recycling process. 18) Anapparatus according to claim 1, herein referred to as a Hydro Turbine,whereas one or more embodiments of which are generally described inFigures: A through L, W, and Y, wherein said apparatus comprises a fluidconduit device, including an inlet and outlet portal arrangement for thetransmission of a Working Fluid and further including an arrangement ofvanes, flites, a propeller, an impellor, or other such componentsdesigned to translate a vacuum or pressure induced flow of Working Fluidpassing through said Hydro Turbine into rotational torque, thrust, orother such motive force to turn a generator to produce electricity orotherwise empower a pump or another process component designed to createor use energy. 19) A method according to claim 1 comprising a materialof construction for said Injection Chamber Mechanism and/or TransitionMixing Conduit component, for injecting said steam and/or steamcontaining mixture; whereas said process components are constructed ofone or more materials including steel, stainless steel, titanium,tungsten, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, ceramic, iron, and/or othermetallic compounds identified in Groups 3 through 10 of the PeriodicTable of Elements. 20) The method of claim 1, wherein one or moreembodiments of said process system includes a process control mechanism,which is comprised by one or more components, which may include amicroprocessor, programmable logic controller array, flow, temperature,pressure, and other such sensor arrays, and/or computer system, which isused to support process control activities by monitoring influent andeffluent gaseous and liquid emissions attributes, flows, inventories andthus triggering the activation and deactivation of process components,as well as fluid and gaseous transfers, injection component flows,wherein said operations of treatment and/or energy generation processare monitored and various process component operations are activated anddeactivated according to a pre-programmed sequence with limits ofoperation as well as providing for the monitoring and control of thesubsequent energy conversion operations managed therein. 21) The methodof claim 1, wherein one or more embodiments of said treatment systemcomprises a component configuration comprising a windmill or windturbine either encased within the effluent exhaust duct or positioned onthe effluent outlet of the exhaust gas flow from the Gas/SolidsSeparation Chamber or at the inlet or outlet of the Gas Treatment,Recycling, Capture, and/or Sequestration Mechanism/s; whereas saidgaseous flow provides motive force to the turbine blades and rotationalenergy to the generator thus producing a quantity of electricity (asgenerally described in Figure C). 22) The method of claim 1, wherein oneor more embodiments of said treatment system and/or energy generatingsystem comprises a system of operation and is comprised by one or morepractices including: a) a method of injecting both exhaust and steaminto the process system, both bubbles and cavities are formed and theinteraction between these two gas phase products makes use of thenatural cushioning of the suspended bubble mass mechanism to absorb thewater hammer influence of the implosion process; b) a method of usingsteam and exhaust injection components to disperse the Driving Fluid'ssteam component/s into an injected mass of smaller bubbles to reduce therelative shockwave strength released during each cavity collapseepisode; c) a method of using nozzle and portal configurations andvessel geometries to direct the cavitation influence into an internalprocess sector, which minimizes the attachment of said implodingcavities against said system component structures; d) a method ofestablishing and maintaining an appropriately heated process fluidreservoir temperature for the purpose of reducing the severity of thecavitation effect caused by steam implosion episodes induced within theWorking Fluid of said process system's fluids reservoir; and/or e) amethod of adding small low-density foam or other natural or syntheticsubstance nodules or particles to said system Working Fluids to absorbthe shockwave influence. 23) The method of claim 1, wherein the sourceof the pollutant emissions and/or exhaust, as well as the steampressure, is a power generating plant, boiler, or othercombustion-related process utilizing coal and/or other hydrocarbon fuelsin a solid, liquid, or gaseous state. 24) A method according to claim 1wherein the flocculated, agglomerated, or settled solids generated fromsaid treatment process is reutilized as a construction material,including but not limited to concrete, cement, or block components,mixes, or materials, and/or agricultural products, including but notlimited to fertilizer components or materials. 25) A system forconverting heat energy to electricity, comprising: providing steam to aconduit of fluid and injecting said steam into said fluid conduit toproduce a phase change reaction of cavitation thus inducing a force ofvacuum to said fluid conduit and creating a flow of said fluids therein(as partially described in Figure I); whereas a Hydro Turbine, pump, orother apparatus is used to translate fluid flow force into rotationaltorque or other such motive force for driving a generator and producingelectricity or providing for another energy recovery purpose. 26) Ameans of converting heat energy to electricity, comprising: providingsteam to a conduit of fluid and injecting said steam into said fluidconduit to produce a phase change reaction of cavitation thus inducing aforce of vacuum to said fluid conduit and creating a flow of said fluidstherein (as partially described in Figure I); whereas a Hydro Turbine,pump, or other apparatus is used to translate fluid flow force intorotational torque or other such motive force for driving a generator andproducing electricity or providing for another energy recovery purpose.27) The use of steam pressure to generate electricity, comprising:providing steam to a conduit of fluid and injecting said steam into saidfluid conduit to produce a phase change reaction of cavitation thusinducing a force of vacuum to said fluid conduit and creating a flow ofsaid fluids therein (as partially described in Figure I); whereas aHydro Turbine, pump, or other apparatus is used to translate fluid flowforce into rotational torque or other such motive force for driving agenerator and producing electricity or providing for another energyrecovery purpose. 28) A system according to claim 1 wherein saidTreatment System comprises the following steps: a) steam pressure iscombined with combustion emissions or other pollutant emissions orexhaust gases (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, Y, and Z); b)an electrical charge is induced during, or prior, to the steam/emissionsmixing process (Figures: F, G, and W); c) the electrical charge isapplied to the steam and/or fluid components of said process system(Figures: F and G); d) the steam/emissions mixture, or Driving Fluid, istransmitted by pipeline, or other conduit means, to the InjectionChamber Mechanism (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, Y, and Z);e) the process fluid, or Working Fluid, is provided to said InjectionChamber and the Driving Fluid is also introduced in said chamber(Figures: M, N, O, P, and Q); f) the injected Driving Fluid experiencesthe impact of phase change forces and a rapid volume reduction reactionoccurs as the induced voids implode in a cavitation reaction (Figures:M, N, O, P, and Q); g) the Driving Fluid is de-energized and itsresidual gas load is turbulently transferred into the Working Fluid(Figures: M, N, O, P, and Q); h) the vacuum force created by theimplosion reaction of the steam/emissions mixture meeting the water orprocess fluid body, creates a flow of water, or Working Fluid, whichrushes into the Injection Chamber and out into the Transition MixingConduit (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, Y, and Z); i) as theWorking Fluid, with its highly frothed, gas bubble mass, passes throughthe Transition Mixing Conduit, it encounters in-line mixing devices andother process geometries designed to keep the Working Fluid's bubblesuspension in a state of turbulence (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J,K, L, Y, and Z); j) as the Working Fluid leaves the Transition MixingConduit, it enters the Gas/Solids Separation Unit where the filteredgases are removed from the Working Fluid and said filtered gases arerouted into a Gas Treatment, Recycling, Capture, and/or SequestrationMechanism (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K); k) the precipitatedsolids load flocculates out of the Gas/Solids Separation Chamber wheresaid Solids are removed (Figures: A through G, J through L, and Ythrough Z); l) the degassed Working Fluid is then routed from theGas/Solids Separation Chamber into a Clarifier Unit, where residualprecipitated Solids are flocculated out and said settled Solids areremoved from the Clarifier Unit (Figures: A through E, G, J through L,and Y through Z); m) the Solids load is removed from the Clarifier Unitand/or the Gas/Solids Separation Chamber, are routed into aReutilization Unit for conversion into construction, agricultural,industrial, and/or commercial products or materials, and/or forreclamation and reuse as a Reactant (Figures: A through G, J through L,and Y through Z); n) the clarified Working Fluid is then routed to theHydro Turbine Unit (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, W, andY); o) the Hydro Turbine Unit accepts water, or Working Fluid, in itsintake portal due to the vacuum-induced flow pattern stimulated by theflow of the vacuum force drawing the Working Fluid from its outletportal (Figures: A through D, G through L, and Y through Z); p) theHydro Turbine Unit's impeller system is moved by the force of saidWorking Fluid and energy is translated into torque or thrust to drive aelectricity generator, pump, or other process device for recoveringenergy from the de-energization of Driving Fluids (Figures: A, B, C, D,E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, W, and Y); q) the Working Fluid is then routedfrom the Hydro Turbine Unit (Figures: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K,L, and W); r) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, theprocess system's fluid transmission network incorporates a ClosedCircuit Well Point; whereas said Working Fluid is routed subterraneouslythrough a pipe to the bottom of said Well Point, which may be naturallyor artificially cooled, and said Working Fluid is then returned to thesurface through a pipe and said flow is thereby returned into theprocess piping network (Figures: B and R); s) in one or more embodimentsof said Treatment System, the process system's fluid transmissionnetwork incorporates an Open Circuit Well Point; whereas said WorkingFluid is routed subterraneously through a pipe to the bottom of saidWell Point and discharged into a suitable aquifer or other geologicalformation and the amount of fluid resistance presented by said formationreturns a portion of Working Fluid flow to the surface through a pipeand said flow is thereby returned into the process piping network(Figures: B and S); t) in one or more embodiments of said TreatmentSystem, the process system's arrangement of components and/or mechanismsis varied; whereas, said Treatment System process can be suitablyadapted to remediate the pollutants, conform to the physical site,and/or better accommodate the generating source of said pollutants(Figures: A through L, W, Y, and Z); u) in one or more embodiments ofsaid Treatment System, the process system's fluid transmission networkincorporates a mechanism for inducing an electrical charge, which isapplied to the Working Fluid component (Figures: F, G, and W); v) in oneor more embodiments of said Treatment System, the Injection Chamber, theTransition Mixing Conduit, and/or other portions of the process system'sfluid transmission network and/or the components or mechanisms thereof,incorporates mechanisms and arrangements to create a vortex effectwithin said Treatment; whereas a multiplicity of vortices are applied tothe Working Fluid component and the Treatment System's performance isthereby enhanced by this improvement (Figures: A through H, and Jthrough Z); w) in one or more embodiments of said Treatment System, theInjection Chamber, and the Transition Mixing Conduit, and/or otherportions of the process system's fluid transmission network, incorporatemechanisms and arrangements to inject emissions or steam or exhaust tothe Working Fluid component and the Treatment System's performance isthereby enhanced by this improvement (Figures: C, E, 1, Y, and Z); x) inone or more embodiments of said Treatment System, the process system'sfluid transmission network incorporates a mechanism for conveying andinjecting a portion of the Working Fluid component into a subsurfacegeological formation through well point mechanisms for geothermalstorage and/or to provide a means of recovering usable gaseous or liquidnatural resources (such as methane, natural gas, and/or oil) and/orprovide a capture system for carbon dioxide sequestration purposes(Figures: B, S, and U); y) a Reactant Injection Mechanism pumps aReactant substance into the Working Fluid conduit (Figures: A through H,J through L, and Y through Z); and z) the Working Fluid responds to thesteam condensation-induced vacuum force and is driven into the InjectionChamber Mechanism, thus completing a process system circuit (Figures: Athrough Z).